Incontinence is the loss of bladder or bowel control, resulting in involuntary leakage of urine or feces.

Pelvic floor muscle weakness, resulting in a reduction of muscular support for the bladder, uterus or rectum, may be the cause. The muscles, because of disuse, are unable to tighten and keep the openings closed.

Incontinence of urine may be termed:

• Stress (leakage with physical activity, coughing, sneezing or laughing)
• Urgency or Frequency (involuntary bladder emptying whenever the sensation of urge is felt)

Involuntary leakage of feces and gas can be the result of chronic constipation or trauma.

Behavioral assessment of food, beverage and medication consumption can identify contributing factors.

Treatment often includes:

• Retraining bowel and bladder habits.
• Abdominal muscle rehabilitation.
• Pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation (with or without electrical stimulation).
• Biofeedback.